Bench Tools
Sequence tools
DNA / RNA Reverse Complement Online Converter
Paste a sequence to get its reverse complement, complement, or reverse; supports FASTA input and IUPAC degenerate bases.
Online DNA GC Content & Tm Calculator — GC%, Base Composition, Molecular Weight
Calculate GC%, base composition, molecular weight, and two empirical Tm values for rapid primer screening.
DNA Sequence to Protein Translation (Six-Frame) — Online Tool
Standard genetic code (NCBI table 1): single-frame or six-frame translation with ORF detection.
FASTA File Statistics: Sequence Count, Length Distribution, and N50
Paste a multi-FASTA file and instantly get sequence count, total length, N50/L50, GC%, and length distribution.
Protein Molecular Weight, Isoelectric Point & 280 nm Extinction Coefficient Calculator
Enter an amino acid sequence to compute molecular weight, theoretical pI, molar extinction coefficient, and A280 at 1 mg/mL.
Pairwise Sequence Alignment Online Tool (Needleman-Wunsch Global Alignment)
Global alignment of two sequences with alignment output, score, percent identity, and mismatch/gap statistics.
Codon Table Quick Reference (Standard Genetic Code): Bidirectional Codon–Amino Acid Lookup
All 64 codons of the standard genetic code — look up amino acids by codon or reverse-query codons by amino acid; accepts both DNA and RNA notation.
Amino Acid Properties Reference: Molecular Weight, Side-Chain pKa, Hydrophobicity, and Codon Count
Properties of all 20 standard amino acids: residue mass, side-chain pKa, Kyte-Doolittle hydrophobicity, and codon count. Searchable by code or name.
Restriction Enzyme Recognition Sequences Reference & Cut-Site Finder
Recognition sequences, cut sites, end types, and average spacing for 30 common restriction enzymes; paste any sequence to locate cut sites (linear or circular).
Non-Standard Genetic Code Tables: Mitochondrial, Bacterial, and Ciliate Codon Differences (NCBI transl_table Reference)
All 27 NCBI genetic code tables with per-codon differences from the standard table, searchable by table number or codon.
Codon Usage Table & Rare Codon Scanner (with CAI Calculation)
Codon usage frequencies for nine organisms — paste a CDS to scan for rare codons, compute CAI, and identify the optimal codon per amino acid in your expression host.
Bench calculators
Centrifuge RCF (g) ↔ RPM Online Calculator
Convert between relative centrifugal force and rotational speed in both directions using rotor radius, with common rotor radius references.
Molarity, Mass & Volume Online Calculator — Solve for Concentration, Volume, or Mass
Given any two of concentration, volume, and mass, solve for the third. Supports mM/µM/nM and mg/µg/ng.
Solution Dilution Calculator (C1V1 = C2V2)
Calculate stock dilutions, fold dilutions, and serial dilutions in one place — instantly shows the solvent volume to add.
Nucleic Acid Concentration Calculator: OD260, ng/µL, and pmol Conversion
Convert A260 absorbance to mass concentration and interconvert ng and pmol for dsDNA, ssDNA, RNA, and oligonucleotides.
Hemocytometer Cell Concentration Calculator – Online Tool
Enter counts per large square and dilution factor to calculate cell concentration, total cell number, and volume needed for plating.
Buffer Preparation Calculator (Henderson-Hasselbalch)
Given a target pH, calculate the acid-to-base component ratio and the mass of each component needed to prepare your buffer.
PCR Reaction Setup Calculator (with Multi-Sample Master Mix)
Calculate the volume of each component and water make-up from stock and final concentrations; supports batch master mix preparation for multiple samples.
DNA / RNA Copy Number Calculator (Plasmid Standards, qPCR, ddPCR)
Calculate copies/µL, copies per reaction, and single-copy mass from concentration and length; generate a standard-curve dilution series.
Bacterial / Cell Doubling Time and Growth Rate Calculator
Enter two log-phase OD or cell count measurements to calculate doubling time, specific growth rate μ, number of generations, and predicted cell density.
DNA Ligation Calculator — Vector and Insert Mass (T4 Ligase)
Enter linearized vector mass and size, insert size, and molar ratio to calculate insert mass and fmol amounts for T4 ligase sticky-end and blunt-end cloning.
Statistics
Multiple Testing Correction Calculator: BH (FDR), BY, and Bonferroni
Paste a column of p-values and get BH q-values, BY, and Bonferroni corrections side by side in one step.
qPCR 2^−ΔΔCt Relative Quantification Online Calculator
Paste your Ct table and get ΔCt, ΔΔCt, fold-change, and within-group dispersion calculated automatically.
Gene List Intersection, Union & Difference — Online Venn Set Calculator
Paste 2–3 gene/ID lists and instantly get intersections, unions, and unique elements, with deduplication and case normalization.
log2FC ↔ Fold Change Online Converter
Convert between log2FC and fold change, with up/downregulation percentages and a common threshold reference table.
Standard Curve Linear Regression and Back-Calculation of Unknown Samples (BCA / Bradford / ELISA)
Paste standard concentrations and absorbance readings to obtain slope, intercept, and R², then back-calculate unknown sample concentrations.
Sequencing Depth & Data Volume Calculator (Lander-Waterman)
Convert between sequencing depth, read count, data volume, and genome size in either direction.
Sample Size Estimation for Two-Group Comparison (t-test / Proportion Test)
Estimate the required sample size per group from effect size, significance level, and statistical power.
Community Diversity Index Calculator (Shannon / Simpson / Chao1)
Paste a species abundance table and compute Shannon, Simpson, evenness, and Chao1 richness estimates.
Enrichment Significance Test Calculator — Hypergeometric Distribution / Fisher's Exact Test
Enter background gene count, pathway gene count, list size, and overlap to compute p-value, fold enrichment, and expected overlap.
qPCR Amplification Efficiency Calculator — Standard Curve Slope to E, Pfaffl Relative Quantification
Fit a standard curve from serial dilutions to calculate amplification efficiency E and R²; apply the Pfaffl method for efficiency-corrected relative quantification.
RNA-seq Expression Normalization Calculator: RPKM / FPKM / TPM Converter
Paste gene read counts and lengths to compute RPKM / FPKM and TPM at once — and see directly that TPM sums to 1,000,000 while RPKM does not.
Online t-Test Calculator: Independent Samples / Paired Samples / One-Sample (with Welch Correction)
Paste two data sets to get the t-statistic, degrees of freedom, two-tailed p-value, mean-difference confidence interval, and Cohen's d — Welch correction on by default.
One-Way ANOVA Calculator Online (Post-Hoc Tests & Multiple Comparison Correction)
Compare means across three or more groups: F statistic, ANOVA table, p-value, η², and optional pairwise post-hoc tests with Bonferroni or BH correction.
Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test Calculator
Two-group comparison for skewed or ordinal data: computes U/W statistics, exact or approximate p-values, effect size, and the minimum achievable p for your sample size.
Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact Test Calculator (with OR / RR)
Contingency table independence tests — Pearson chi-square, Yates' correction, and Fisher's exact p-value; OR and RR with confidence intervals for 2×2 tables.
Correlation Coefficient Calculator Online: Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall
Compute all three correlation coefficients with p-values in one step, plus Pearson's 95% CI and r², with automatic warnings for outliers or non-linearity.
How to Choose a Statistical Test: By Data Type, Number of Groups, and Paired vs. Independent Design
Answer three questions to identify the right test: comparing values or proportions, how many groups, paired or independent. Each row links to the corresponding tool.
Research utilities
Figure Size & Resolution Calculator for Journal Submission (mm / inch / px / DPI)
Calculate the required pixel dimensions from journal column width and DPI, and verify whether an existing figure meets the specification.
Mixed Chinese–English Word Count (Abstract / Submission Word Limits)
Counts Chinese characters, English words, and total characters separately; supports excluding reference lists and figure captions.
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